Swietenia macrophylla, commonly known as big-leaf mahogany, is a valuable tropical timber tree native to Central and South America and extensively planted in tropical regions worldwide. The species is propagated primarily by seeds, which exhibit rapid germination (commencing within 6-17 days) but lose viability quickly when stored under ambient conditions, necessitating prompt sowing of fresh seeds or proper hermetic storage at cool temperatures. Despite its commercial importance and conservation challenges due to overexploitation, mahogany seeds remain relatively easy to germinate with minimal pretreatment, making seed propagation the preferred method for large-scale nursery production.
Before sowing
Seeds lose viability rapidly under ambient storage conditions; fresh seeds germinate at high rates (80-90%) without pretreatment; no stratification required
Sowing
What to expect
Tips
Use fresh seeds immediately after harvest for optimal germination rates exceeding 80%; stored seeds benefit from 24-hour warm water soaking prior to sowing. Sow seeds approximately 1 cm deep in moist sand or potting mix with soil lightly compacted over seed. Maintain high substrate moisture throughout germination using transparent plastic coverings or shade cloth. Seedlings require shading during germination but shade should be gradually removed once the first two leaf pairs appear; inadequate light after germination results in weak, etiolated seedlings. Temperature should be maintained between 25-37°C for optimal results, with 37°C being the cardinal optimal temperature. Protect young seedlings from damping-off by avoiding overwatering and maintaining good drainage. Direct sowing in containers is recommended over seed bed pricking out to prevent root disturbance and j-rooting. Remove plastic covering and increase light gradually as seedlings develop their first true leaves.
Sources: World Agroforestry Centre Database, RNGR Native Plant Network, MDPI Plants Journal, PFAF Plant Database
