Rhus typhina, commonly known as staghorn sumac, is a deciduous shrub or small tree native to eastern North America, named for its distinctive velvety branches that resemble deer antlers. The species exhibits physical seed dormancy requiring both hot water scarification and cold stratification to achieve reliable germination; seeds without proper pretreatment may remain dormant for extended periods.
Before sowing
Physical dormancy with hard, impermeable seedcoats. Seeds have natural dormancy requiring scarification or hot water treatment plus cold stratification for best results.
Sowing
What to expect
Tips
After hot water treatment, drain seeds completely and mix with moist sand or compost in a sealed plastic bag. Stratify in refrigerator at 4°C for approximately 30 days. Do not exceed 25°C during germination or secondary dormancy may be induced. Seeds require light to germinate—provide 8 hours light and 16 hours darkness daily. Once stratification is complete, sow seeds 1/4 inch deep in well-draining substrate and maintain consistent moisture. Expect germination in 3-4 weeks under proper conditions. Alternative: gibberellic acid (GA) treatment at 100 mg/liter can partially substitute for cold stratification.
Sources: USDA Forest Service FEIS, University seed suppliers (Tree Seed Online, Plant Flower Seeds, Incredible Seeds), Cambridge Seed Science Research, horticultural propagation guides
