Nicandra physalodes is an annual species in the nightshade family (Solanaceae), native to western South America. Known as Apple of Peru or Shoo-fly plant for its insect repellent properties. Seeds have a relatively thick seed coat and exhibit strong physiological dormancy.
Before sowing
Seeds exhibit strong dormancy; warm and cold stratification combination effective; gibberellin treatment can overcome dormancy
Sowing
What to expect
Tips
Seeds should be sown barely covered (1mm deep); light improves germination; keep substrate consistently moist but well-drained; sow 7-8 weeks before last frost for transplanting; self-seeds freely after flowering; prefers full sun to partial shade
Sources: Wikipedia (Nicandra physalodes), RHS, Chiltern Seeds, Plant World Seeds, Research publications on seed dormancy and germination
