Medicago sativa (alfalfa/lucerne) is a perennial flowering plant in the legume family, widely cultivated as an important forage crop with high protein content. Native to southwestern Asia, it has a worldwide distribution. Seeds typically have physical dormancy due to hard seed coats.
Before sowing
Mechanical scarification by nicking or scratching seed coat improves water absorption; soaking 6-12 hours after scarification
Sowing
What to expect
Tips
Maintain consistent moisture during germination; seeds will not germinate below 0-2°C or above 40°C; germination accelerated at 20-25°C; seeds show genetic diversity in germination response to temperature; store seed at cool temperatures and low humidity; inoculate with Rhizobium bacteria for nitrogen fixation; broadcast seeding may enhance germination in certain soil types
Sources: USDA Forest Service Research (Medicago sativa), Frontiers Plant Science (Temperature and Scarification), North Dakota State University, University of California, Hay and Forage Magazine, Multiple peer-reviewed studies on legume seed germination
