Elaeagnus angustifolia, commonly known as Russian olive, is a thorny deciduous tree native to temperate regions of western Asia and southeastern Europe. This species exhibits deep seed dormancy due to inhibitory compounds in the seed coat, requiring a combination of warm and cold stratification to achieve germination. Seeds can be sown directly in autumn without prior treatment, but pre-treatment significantly improves germination rates.
Before sowing
A warm stratification for 4 weeks at 20°C (68°F) followed by 8-12 weeks of cold stratification at 4°C (39°F) significantly improves germination rates. Six days of seed washing before cold stratification can also improve results.
Sowing
What to expect
Tips
Keep the stratification medium moist but not wet to prevent seed death. Seeds germinate slowly and may take 90-180 days or more; patience is essential. Once germination begins, carefully pot up seedlings. Ungerminated seeds can be subjected to the warm-cold treatment cycle again for continued germination over several years. Mulch seedbeds and maintain consistent moisture. Allow seedlings to grow 15 cm tall before final transplanting. Avoid temperatures above 25°C during early germination.
Sources: University of Florida IFAS, Chiltern Seeds, TreeSeedOnline, USDA Forest Service FEIS, Sheffield's Seed Company, Bugwood Wiki, PFAF Database
