Calendula officinalis, commonly known as pot marigold, is an annual herb in the daisy family native to southern Europe and the Mediterranean region. This easy-to-grow flower has been cultivated for centuries for both ornamental and medicinal purposes, producing bright yellow to deep orange daisy-like blooms. Seeds germinate readily in cool to moderate temperatures and require darkness during germination, making it an excellent choice for beginning gardeners.
Before sowing
No pre-treatment needed — sow directly.
Sowing
What to expect
Tips
Sow seeds 1/4 inch deep and keep soil moist but not waterlogged; maintain darkness during germination and provide bright light once seedlings emerge. Seeds germinate best at 16-17°C (60-70°F) and must be kept below 30°C to prevent germination failure. Press seeds gently into soil after sowing. Avoid temperatures above 30°C during germination, as heat stress significantly reduces viability. Direct sow in early spring after last frost or start indoors 6-8 weeks before transplanting. Thin seedlings to 8-12 inches apart. Calendula performs best in cool weather and may stop blooming during intense summer heat.
Sources: ScienceDirect, UNH Extension, University of Minnesota, West Coast Seeds, Johnny's Selected Seeds, University of Utah Extension, Missouri Botanical Garden, Wikipedia
